Honestly, the way I learned Linux best after a numerous failed tries over the years was switching to Arch. It gets a lot of crap from the online community, especially regarding its users, but I think it's an excellent distro especially for people at a moderate to advanced level.

First off, the archinstall script makes the actual installation process - notoriously one of the hardest parts of using the distro - much easier. It comes with a barebones set of components installed to get you up and running.

From there, you just start to think of the things you want to do with your system and begin building it out piece by piece. Consult the Arch wiki for a number of application options and then pick one. Usually there's some additional configuration involved, not much, just a config file that needs tweaking or something, but this helps you learn things slowly. It also guarantees that if that particular thing breaks in the future, you have a better idea of what might have gone wrong and where to start looking because you previously set it up (somewhat) manually yourself.

Occasionally you'll stumble across something on your system that's not working the way you thought it would and it's because you needed to manually install some additional component or dependency yourself. So again you consult the wiki and just do that. It's about slowly building the knowledge.

When you're finished you have a highly customized system with only the components you wanted and a better knowledge of it all.