Robert Martin is screaming somewhere. Say what you will about him being out of touch, he did have some good points on writing readable code.

Like null should never be a special value.

And obviously the horrible naming.

Same as ?

std::optional<bool> role;

if (role.value())
{ std::cerr ("User is admin");}
else if (!role.value())
{ std::cerr ("User is not admin");}
else if (!role.has_value())
{ std::cerr ("User is not logged in");}

Here has_value() should have been checked first, but the JS seems kinda fine.
Which is it?