You could likely get better average performance by rethinking your budget. Instead of $3000 and stretching it to 5-10 years, you could spend $1500 now, $500 for a gpu and/or cpu upgrade in a few years, then a complete rebuild a few years after that.

The idea is that by getting less than the latest and greatest, you'll spend less and be more willing to upgrade when the component starts showing its age. You'll also spend less time with components out of warranty.

One last note, I don't see storage on your list. I recommend a 2 TB SSD at minimum, 4 TB if the prices make sense.

I don’t have specific recommendations, but IMHO, “future proofing” is not really a thing so much as upgrade paths are. You can keep some wiggle room with your PSU, try to anticipate/sync upgrades with sockets or RAM generations, or keep RAM sockets free… but old hardware gonna get old regardless. Can’t think of many CPUs that held up for that long. And DDR5 will probably be considered rather slow by then, who knows.

If you’re going into data science though, you may want to think about ever needing CUDA stuff, therefore have stick with Nvidia…?

FYI unless you're planning to manually tune that memory to a lower speed, DDR5@6800 isn't really feasible on AM5 at the moment. 6000MHz is the current sweet spot, and even getting that stable is much easier to achieve with 2x16GB modules.

You should be learning how to do data science on cloud instances. Start an aws account!

I would suggest the Aorus Master board for long term UEFI updates for future CPU releases.