And I’m pretty sure that’s the approach that lawmakers have taken with this

well, sometimes...I linked in this comment to some statements made by the Republican congressman who sponsored the original bill. he was pretty clear that he wanted the ban because he thinks TikTok is pushing propaganda, not just from the Chinese, but the Chinese Communist Party (which has been a long-standing right-wing bogeyman - that congressman was even the chair of the "House Select Committee on the CCP")

I believe that’s the primary angle they’ve taken to get around First Amendment concerns.

this is true, in the same way that Trump in his first campaign promised a "Muslim ban" and then when they tried to actually implement it they realized they needed to frame it as a "travel ban...applying to countries that happen to have a lot of Muslims...oh and also North Korea because look at us, we're definitely not discriminating against people based solely on religion"

everyone (except the right-wing hacks on the Supreme Court) saw through the "travel ban" facade pretty easily. it's been disappointing to see how many people uncritically repeat "well, there's a data privacy angle to it too..." as if it's a legitimate justification and not just another facade.