Sorry, "jawed fish" is used a lot in when talking about the epochs where tetrapods hadn't evolved yet - growing the first jaws was a pretty big landmark. That's my bad. Ray-finned is pretty clear, though, and doesn't include anything I can think of that's unexpected.

Close enough for a layperson, but for a biologist they probably should use Gnathostomata when that’s what they’re talking about.

They absolutely do use casual terms as well as the technical names when talking to each other - I've been a fly on that wall. They tend not to get confused about their own subject. However, when they have to get into more specifics than "that's a squat lobster" yeah, they have to go back to the jargon.