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The probability of a hash collision
(kevingal.com)
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The distribution is super important here too. Hashing any value to zero (or
h(x) = 0
) is valid, but a terrible distribution. The challenge is getting real-world values hashed in a mostly uniform distribution to avoid collisions where possible.Still, the contents of the article are useful even outside of hashing. It should just disclaim that the width of the output isn't the only thing important in a hash function.