I mean I torrented without a VPN on comcast/xfinity and nothing happened besides a few emails, eventually they stopped even sending those emails. I mean I had my own unlimited mobile data plan, and everyone in my household is abusive to me so I just decided to test what happens, worse case scenario, their internet gets shut off and I'd just have to use my own mobile hotspot connection. (Don't judge, I'm just very petty about being on the receiving end of abusive behavior and I would sabotage my own family for revenge) Welp, after like 6 months of downloads, nothing happened, I eventually stopped doing that and used a VPN because I wanted to watch some weird tv shows and movies that I didn't want them know about.

But this is anecdotal, don't test this at home.