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Context: Docker bypasses all UFW firewall rules
(lemmy.world)
Docker docs:
Docker routes container traffic in the nat table, which means that packets are diverted before it reaches the INPUT and OUTPUT chains that ufw uses. Packets are routed before the firewall rules can be applied, effectively ignoring your firewall configuration.
Portainer Docs | Install Portainer CE with Podman on Linux The official docs also mention doing that.