Working with/on things I found interesting helped a lot. I.e. lots of small projects/scripts, using different frameworks/libraries/languages that looked interesting. Experimenting and exploring different ways things could be done. Programming is one of those "10,000 hours" things; you need to be interested in what you're doing to do something like that for so long. Computer Science coursework helped a lot too, especially the courses heavy on algorithms, data structures, big-o, proofs, etc.

In my CS coursework, we were exposed to many different languages and programming paradigms at the very beginning. It's fine to experiment and start learning multiple languages at once (preferably, all being quite different, such as a pure functional language, procedural language, object-oriented, declarative logic, etc).