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Flow chart for choosing a Linux distribution
(lemmy.ca)
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I've never used Arch, so someone may give a better explanation, but an analogy would be - Arch is like getting a box of LEGO, SteamOS is like getting a pre built model made from LEGO.
And yeah, immutability is usually considered more beginner friendly because you're less able to break your system accidentally, and it's lots more straightforward to roll back to a previously working system, too, when things do break.
As for installing stuff on Steam Deck, I think that's by design, not an incidental flaw. It's a big contributor to stability. On Bazzite, which is similar, you can install whatever you like...into a container. Only a subset of software is supported for more direct installation. Keeping everything else isolated in containers keeps the system stable.