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How to Debug Video Mode not Supported
(lemmy.ml)
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I don't have deep knowledge on the topic but you might want to look into EDID, which is how your system knows what resolutions the monitor supports. Incorrect detection of maximum resolutions and refresh rates is a semi-common problem on Linux and the fix for that is a custom modeline; setting one will be compositor dependent on Wayland (on X11 xrandr will do).
However it's also possible that all the cables you have are bad and/or don't support 8K.
Thanks for the advice, I installed the Debian package "read-edid" and used the get-edid program from it to get the EDID from the monitor. Then I installed the "wxedid" package to display it graphically because the parse-edid program from read-edid didn't work well. According to wxedid there's a seletion of 38402160 modes and some 40962160 modes. So it seems that the EDID is the problem.