I do not know what an init system is. I don’t know what systemd is. I do not know what Devuan is. I do not know what SysV init is. I do not know what OpenRC is. I do not know what runit is.

If you are a "noob" as per this community suggests, you don't need to know any of these things. You don't ever need to know what these are in order to use a computer. You only need to know about these things if you want to be a poweruser/nerd.

I vaguely understand what debian is. Although I would be the wrong person it explain it. I know it’s the type of linux that ubuntu is. And I know it seems like every disto I look at says it’s based on ubuntu, and therefore is debian since ubuntu is based on debian.

What I don’t understand is if everyone hates ubuntu, but ubuntu is based on debian, but nobody hates debian, why is everything based on ubuntu and not debian?

Debian and Ubuntu are "distributions" of Linux. Linux is just a kernel, not a full operating system—that means it's a low-level piece of software that allows the OS to communicate with your hardware. So there are Linux "distributions" which are full operating systems that contain the Linux kernel but will also contain an entire operating system, so everything else your computer needs to run.

People dislike Ubuntu for the decisions it's made that make it different from Debian, e.g. its promotion of Snap. Debian is a pretty good choice for first Linux distro. I'd probably recommend either Linux Mint or maybe Fedora KDE—both widely used and supported, with communities where you can seek support, and they come with desktop environments pre-installed that should be familiar and easy to use for users coming from Windows.

You might want to look up in a search engine "how to install linux" for articles covering a lot of this stuff, including advice on starter distros. And the distro you choose will have their own installation guide—follow that in the last instance.