I would recommend taking a crack at some frameworks and engines while simultaneously reading up on how games work (in general, as there are no hard rules).

Broadly speaking though, games are basically control systems. It's one big loop where the output of the previous loop affects the state of the next loop.

Modern engines and frameworks schedule the game updates and rendering separately to provide better/consistent frame rates.

Some engines I'd recommend checking out:

• https://ebitengine.org/
• https://godotengine.org/