While it's true we don't really need those old tools anymore, unless one have ancient hardware. On Linux we can use badblocks to test the hard drive. This is from Arch Wiki:

Modern HDDs and SSDs include firmware that will automatically detect, attempt to correct, and report errors. However, firmware becomes aware of a corrupted sector only upon an attempt to read or write to it. Badblocks may be used to test the entire device at once. It operates by sequentially attempting to read and optionally write to and read back every sector on a drive, and report errors. Consequently, the firmware will react to any detected failures in this process.

So, for most cases SMART data is actually sufficient. And there is badblocks if you want to check the entire disk. However we don't have manufacturer tools like Windows has.

A little warning about badblocks. Don't do a write test if you have important stuff on it because it will erase the disk.