Let's break down some of the confusion you're experiencing.

• When it comes to buildings there is indeed copyright on the building itself. The question is did you get a usage license from the owner to photograph the building for your purposes? For example if I were to get a written usage license for the lighting of the Eiffel Tower at night, and a location permit from the city I would be able to photograph it. This is common in commercial photography with contracts known as property releases.
• Theft in regards to photography usually means taking photographs of classified or trade secrets. General photographing of buildings in public spaces would not qualify as theft but copyright violation as per the previous example.

If you want to learn more you can google "photography usage rights" or "photography license agreement" and deep dive the untold number of blog posts about it. You can check out this blog post for a crash course if you need good starting point.

If books are more your fancy there's Nancy Wolff's The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook and the American Society of Media Photographer's Professional Business Practices in Photography; both are pretty old but a very easy to understand. John Harrington's Best Business Practices for Photographers also goes into detail and is more recent, but very broad in what it covers. Technically, there's the demo for fotobiz X which will let you make a sample contract from their templates.

I'm sure you'll find more resources but these books were my go-tos when I was working as a photographer. If you feel like socializing you check out your local APA (American Photographic Artists) or ASMP (American Society of Photographic Artists) chapters. Not sure if membership is still a requirement for attending events but it doesn't hurt to ask.