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Are we talking database schema migrations or migrating a database between Postgres instances?
If it’s the former, the pattern is usually to run them in init containers or Jobs but I have been wanting to try out SchemaHero for a while which is a tool to orchestrate it and looks pretty neat.
ETA: Thought I was replying to your below comment but Memmy deleted it the first time for some reason, my bad.
It's about PostgreSQL upgrade.
The "pattern" there is to either dump and reinsert the entire DB or upgrade by having two installations (old and new version), which doesn't exactly work well in k8s. It's possible, but seems hacky
I've always used this docker image to do pg upgrades. It runs pg_upgrade to recreate the system tables and copy the user tables (which normally don't have any storage changes). It does require that the database isn't running during the upgrade so you're going to have a bit of downtime. Make sure you redo any changes to any configuration files, especially pg_hba.conf