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AMD's New Threadripper Chips Have a Hidden Fuse That Blows When Overclocking Is Enabled
(www.extremetech.com)
This is a most excellent place for technology news and articles.
It's just an electronic component, like resistors and transistors. Samsung has something similar in their phones called Knox.
But in the world of electronics fuses and circuit breakers exist to trip when too much voltage is applied to protect the circuit. That's their generally agreed upon definition.
A fuse is just an electronic component. It can be used for circuit protection, but it doesn't have to be. For example, a transistor doesn't have to be an amplifier, a resistor doesn't have to be for dimming bulbs, etc.