I just looked it up specifically for Tesla ….

• there are descriptions of a successful relay attack in 2022

HOWEVER

• the relay had to be within 2” of the key card or phone
• I expect Tesla responded, although I didn’t look that up
• while I originally could just walk up to my Tesla to use it, now I need to unlock my phone, at least implying that either Tesla or Apple prevented relay attacks by blocking the key when you’re not using it

The real question, is how easy is the car to “hot wire”. Older cars could be hot wired by breaking off the ignition lock, but now cars with keys have an immobilizer to prevent that (except of course Kia/Hyundai). So, can the lack of a key fob be easily worked around to start a car, like a Kia, or is it more complex like a key with an immobilizer chip, and an immobilizer circuit in the engine control?