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Consumer first; Citizen second
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this post was submitted on 11 Mar 2024
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A lot of this boils down to the tragedy of the commons - what you said about book DRM is a textbook example of that.
And usually the tragedy of the commons needs to be solved through agreement or arbitration. But agreement across a huge number of people is almost impossible; and arbitration would likely need to rely on governments - but governments exist primarily to defend the interest of the power-holders, not of their citizens.
I saw your comment 3 months late 😄 In the blog post I actually mention the tragedy of the commons. The problem with the theory is that it is only applicable in fixed empirical settings. For this reason, I think it is quite dangerous to apply this theory generally. It is actually a key ingredient in neoliberal economics, where it is argued that privatization of commons is necessary, because they are tragic. I had to unlearn this notion myself. I recommend the book 'Governing the Commons' by Elinor Ostrom on the topic, it's a collection of case studies which shows that commons are only tragic under certain preconditions.
Does this mean that I need to wait until September to reply? /jk
I believe that the problem with the neolibs in this case is not the descriptive model (tragedy of the commons) that they're using to predict a potential issue; it's instead the "magical" solution that they prescribe for that potential issue, that "happens" to align with their economical ideology, while avoiding to address that:
And while all models break if you look too hard at them, I don't think that it does in this case - it explains well why individuals are buying DRM-stained e-books, even if this ultimately hurts them as a collective, by reducing the availability of DRM-free books.
(And it isn't like you can privatise it, as the neolibs would eagerly propose; it is a private market already.)
I'm reading the book that you recommended (thanks for the rec, by the way!). Under a quick glance, it seems to propose self-organisation as a way to solve issues concerning common pool resources; it might work in plenty cases but certainly not here, as there's no way to self-organise people who buy e-books.
And frankly, I don't know a solution either. Perhaps piracy might play an important and positive role? It increases the desirability of DRM-free books (you can't share the DRM-stained ones), and puts a check on the amount of obnoxiousness and rug-pulling that corporations can submit you to.
Sorry, I missed that this thread started on the topic of ebooks. To be honest, I don't fully understand the connection you are making to the tragedy of the commons when it comes to DRM. I think I understand what you mean, if you are arguing on top of DRM, but DRM is itself already a tool of enclosure. So the problem is not really consumer choice, but rather that DRM is allowed in its current form. But I admit that this is a different discussion, I guess in the end we are talking about the same and I agree with you. I think the self organizing part here would be for authors to publish independently, and for people to support independent publishing. But as you implied, that market is already captured to a point where people don't even know about independent publishers/markets. I wouldn't look at that as a tragedy of the commons, where people "selfishly" choose DRM and degrade the underlying resource, rather they are simply consumers of an almost fully enclosed resource.
Glad you find it interesting enough to start reading. The book doesn't necessarily "propose self organizing", although that may be a conclusion one can draw. Rather it showcases different case studies where common pool resources have degraded, and others where they have flourished, and tries to compare the different situations through a few parameters. What I took from it is, that it is pretty safe to say that neither privatization, nor central planning are good "solutions" when it comes to common pool resources, also that it seems important to have some form of rule monitoring and enforcement where actors directly affected by rule-breaking are part of the monitoring. But I should probably read through my highlights again some time, to freshen up my memory :)
Really appreciated your insight.
Think on the available e-books as a common pool, from the point of view of the people buying them: that pool is in perfect condition if all books there are DRM-free, or ruined if all books are infested with DRM.
When someone buys a book with DRM, they're degrading that pool, as they're telling sellers "we buy books with DRM just fine". And yet people keep doing it, because:
So in a lot of situations, buyers beeline towards the copy with DRM, as it's individually more convenient, even if ruining the pool for everyone in the process. That's why I said that it's a tragedy of the commons.
As you correctly highlighted that model relies on the idea that the buyer is selfish; as in, they won't care about the overall impact of their actions on the others, only on themself. That is a simplification and needs to be taken with a grain of salt, however note that people are more prone to act selfishly if being selfless takes too much effort out of them. And those businesses selling you DRM-infested copies know it - that's why they enclose you, because leaving that enclosure to support DRM-free publishers takes effort.
I also think so. I'm mostly trying to dig further into the subject.
Even being a different discussion, I think that one leads to another.
Legislating against DRM might be an option, but easier said than done - governments are specially unruly, and they'd rather support corporations than populations.
Another option, as weird as it might sound, might be to promote that "if buying is not owning, pirating is not stealing" discourse. It tips the scale from the business' PoV: if people would rather pirate than buy books with DRM, might as well offer them DRM-free to increase sales.