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Here’s How That Disney 360° Treadmill Works
(hackaday.com)
This is a most excellent place for technology news and articles.
If you ever run barefoot or in socks on a regular treadmill, you'll feel that it's a little bit rougher than just walking around normally. But it's still not enough to really make noticeable wear on shoes (any more than normal running on pavement is).
Basically, shoe soles are specifically made to be pretty tough, so this type of treadmill shouldn't be worse than normal.