Your best bet when it comes to USB-C docks is using a computer with a Thunderbolt 4 port. While I'm not 100 % sure, I think one of the few spec changes comparing Thunderbolt 4 to 3 is that TB4 certification requires two independent DisplayPort streams. If you can then find a Thunderbolt 4 certified Dock with either two independent DisplayPort outputs or even two Thunderbolt outputs (physically USB-C), you can connect your monitors via DP to DP or USB-C to DP. This configuration should work on pretty much any OS as long as Thunderbolt is working properly.

USB 4 or Thunderbolt 3 can support multiple DisplayPort streams, but it's often hard to find exact specifications on what's supported with which computer and dock. Many docks have multiple DisplayPort ports, but they are linked via MST (essentially daisy-chaining) so they share a single DisplayPort stream. This tends to work fine under Windows as long as you don't run into bandwidth limitations, and I think Linux supports it as well, but this might vary by distro. I know macOS does not support MST at all.

Even worse than that, a lot of the cheaper (but also more expensive) multi-display USB-C docks use DisplayLink, a proprietary technology that essentially uses software rendering to output to multiple displays. This requires a proprietary driver to get working, so I'm not sure how well it works under Linux if at all.

Your best bet for Linux is to run Wayland and an up-to-date kernel (we're currently at 6.9.x) with a well-supported DE like KDE or GNOME.