Capacitive sensors are looking at capacitance of a material, everything has this not just living things and it certainly doesn't require putting current through the material. You can for example get capacitive sensors for sensing the presence of cardboard, and they're often used for detecting metal parts (obviously tuned to the specific material). This is also why water droplets mess up touch screens (and the biometric sensor), because it's close enough to the capacitance of a finger (we're mostly water after all) to trick it and create false triggers.