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this post was submitted on 23 Jul 2024
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Well, VDSL and VDSL2 use 138kHz to 12MHz and then 30-35.5MHz (according to the german Wikipedia - I couldn't find that table in the English article.)
Powerline has several standards (same as above, couldn't find that table in the English Wikipedia), but the frequency range starts at 2-4MHz and ends at 20-30MHz (with one standard using 30-68MHz).
For DSL, there's not really a problem using these frequencies but powerline transmits at a higher power and intentionally uses cross talk as a feature. The byproduct is that now your power cables act as an antenna and the Powerline signal "leaks".
~~Medium Frequency radio stations e.g. use the band from about 520kHz to 1.6MHz which correlates with Powerline and can be affected by it.~~ Edit: Medium Frequency transmissions in general (300kHz - 3MHz) and High Frequency transmissions (3MHz - 30MHz) can be affected, but radio stations shouldn't (~530kHz - 1.6MHz).
And yes, if you're transmitting "strong enough" over Powerline (depending on your adapter and how well your cables act as an antenna) one could recieve your signal and decode it. IIRC the signal is encrypted (somewhat like WiFi - the adapters need to be paired to talk to each other), but I don't know much details about it.