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Secure Boot is completely broken on 200+ models from 5 big device makers
(arstechnica.com)
This is a most excellent place for technology news and articles.
The kernel modules usually are signed with a different key. That key is created at build time and its private key is discarded after the build (and after the modules have been signed) and the kernel uses the public key to validate the modules IIRC. That is how Archlinux enables can somewhat support Secure Boot without the user needing to sign every kernel module or firmware file (it is also the reason why all the kernel packages aren't reproducible).