Russia has been able to continue its full-scale war against Ukraine largely due to extensive support from a specific country, according to a publication by Clash Report.
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Despite public statements about aid from other countries, it is China’s resources that ... have been the decisive factor for the Kremlin.
Former head of British intelligence MI6, Richard Moore, stated that it was Beijing that provided Moscow with the most significant support during the war.
According to him, China’s contribution far exceeds that of Iran or North Korea, even though these countries are more frequently mentioned in the media due to weapons deliveries and personnel.
"I am absolutely certain that Putin would have already lost without the support from China that he received. Headlines often focus on North Korea providing approximately 12,000 troops for the battle near Kursk, or Iran supplying drone technology," Moore said.
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The report shows that US support in 2025 fell by nearly 99% compared to the average for 2022–2024. Whereas the United States had previously allocated billions annually in military, financial, and humanitarian aid, 2025 saw a 99% drop in assistance.
There was only one "symbolic" military support package worth approximately €0.4 billion, and no new major financial or humanitarian commitments were recorded.
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Against the backdrop of the steep reduction in US aid, European countries significantly expanded their contributions:
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military assistance from Europe increased by 67%.
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Financial and humanitarian support rose by 59%.
As a result, the overall volume of international aid to Ukraine in 2025 remained close to the levels of previous years, despite the sharp decline in support from the United States.
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One of the key tools was the introduction of the PURL (Prioritized Ukraine Requirement List) mechanism, through which around 75% of missiles for Patriot systems and nearly 90% of ammunition for other air defense systems were funded by European partners in 2025.
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Forecasts for 2026 are optimistic thanks to the new EU Ukraine Support Fund, totaling €90 billion. Of this, €60 billion is earmarked specifically for supporting Ukraine’s defense industry, enabling the country to become more autonomous in weapons production.
Japan intends to join a NATO initiative allowing the supply of ammunition, equipment, and other US-made resources to Ukraine.
Additionally, in mid-January 2026, Albania joined the PURL initiative.
By the end of December 2025, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy reported that more than 20 countries had joined the PURL initiative, specifically, 24.
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