lol. CCP: “other countries don’t exist, fuck ‘em.”
For people who want to see the map (from .gov.cn) http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/browse.html?picId=%224o28b0625501ad13015501ad2bfc0688%22
All versions of standard maps of China (2023): http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/download.html?superclassName=%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259B%25BD%25E5%2585%25A8%25E5%259B%25BE%25EF%25BC%2588%25E8%258B%25B1%25EF%25BC%2589
For people who are too lazy to click, the purple dotted line is the border of south China sea, according to the Chinese government: 
And that purple dotted line is called the “nine-dash line.”
But there are 10 dashes...
Good eye. China added an extra dash to extend its claim to Taiwan.
It seems like from this wikipedia article, this Nine dash was some what consistent through out history? From reading the article you posted, I thought they made some change this year...
China did make some change by broadening its territorial claims (both in India and South China Sea) with the release of a new map.
With the nine-dash line, you asked a great (and extremely contested) question. The short answer is that China isn’t the only country with historical evidence to support its claim to the area. Both Vietnam and the Philippines, for example, can also make a case.
In fact, I would point you to Philippines v. China. In this case, on 12 July 2016, an arbitral tribunal constituted under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), of which China is a member, concluded that: "... while it would not "rule on any question of sovereignty ... and would not delimit any maritime boundary", China's historic rights claims over maritime areas (as opposed to land masses and territorial waters) within the "nine-dash line" have no lawful effect unless entitled to under UNCLOS." (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_v._China).
I’m not a lawyer nor geopolitical analyst but I recall that regardless of the actual merits of the claim, China or any country must insist on disputing territorial ownership, so as not to tacitly concede that it does not belong to them. The actual resolution of the dispute might not be as relevant as the mere presence of a dispute itself. Not sure if this is still the right take, happy to be corrected by someone more knowledgeable.
They might as well turn it to a 13 dash line and include the entire Luzon as well if they want to fully enforce this. Article 5: Philippine-American Edition.
CCP's wet dreams.
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