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this post was submitted on 24 Aug 2023
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I recently had GRUB issues which I managed to fix so I'm a little fresh in my mind. It's 10pm here so I'll be sleeping soon though.
Check the Arch wiki for how to fix GRUB, it has a lot of helpful tips: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/GRUB
I put Mint onto a USB and then booted into the Live to be able to have full OS to fix GRUB, rather than using the rescue interface. So definitely do that if you have a spare PC you can use to put an image on a USB.
Here's some other links I saved:
https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=283343
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/GRUB
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/EFI_system_partition#Mount_the_partition
https://superuser.com/questions/165116/mount-dev-proc-sys-in-a-chroot-environment
And I'll post my commands I used to rebuild GRUB
mint@mint:/media/mint/a96b3354-70dd-45ed-8c6c-95171e9f1e82/boot/grub$ find . -name normal.mod
./x86_64-efi/normal.mod
mint@mint:/media/mint/a96b3354-70dd-45ed-8c6c-95171e9f1e82/boot/grub$ ls
mint@mint:/media/mint/a96b3354-70dd-45ed-8c6c-95171e9f1e82/boot/grub$ vi grub.cfg
mint@mint:/media/mint/a96b3354-70dd-45ed-8c6c-95171e9f1e82/boot/grub$ cd ../..
mint@mint:/media/mint/a96b3354-70dd-45ed-8c6c-95171e9f1e82$ sudo mount -o bind /dev dev
mint@mint:/media/mint/a96b3354-70dd-45ed-8c6c-95171e9f1e82$ sudo mount -o bind /proc proc
mint@mint:/media/mint/a96b3354-70dd-45ed-8c6c-95171e9f1e82$ chroot .
chroot: cannot change root directory to '.': Operation not permitted
mint@mint:/media/mint/a96b3354-70dd-45ed-8c6c-95171e9f1e82$ sudo chroot .
[root@mint /]# find . -name grubx64.efi
[root@mint /]# sudo fdisk -l
sudo: unable to allocate pty: No such device
[root@mint /]# exit
mint@mint:/media/mint/a96b3354-70dd-45ed-8c6c-95171e9f1e82$ mount -o bind /dev/pts dev/pts
mount: /media/mint/a96b3354-70dd-45ed-8c6c-95171e9f1e82/dev/pts: must be superuser to use mount.
mint@mint:/media/mint/a96b3354-70dd-45ed-8c6c-95171e9f1e82$ sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts dev/pts
mint@mint:/media/mint/a96b3354-70dd-45ed-8c6c-95171e9f1e82$ sudo chroot .
[root@mint /]# sudo fdisk -l
[root@mint /]# lsblk
lsblk: failed to access sysfs directory: /sys/dev/block: No such file or directory
[root@mint /]# exit
exit
mint@mint:/media/mint/a96b3354-70dd-45ed-8c6c-95171e9f1e82$ sudo mount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys
mount: /mnt/sys: mount point does not exist.
mint@mint:/media/mint/a96b3354-70dd-45ed-8c6c-95171e9f1e82$ sudo mount -t sysfs /sys
mint@mint:/media/mint/a96b3354-70dd-45ed-8c6c-95171e9f1e82$ sudo mount -t sysfs /sys sys
mint@mint:/media/mint/a96b3354-70dd-45ed-8c6c-95171e9f1e82$ sudo chroot .
[root@mint /]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0 7:0 0 2.6G 1 loop
sda 8:0 1 14.6T 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 1 14.6T 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 476.9G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 476.9G 0 part
sdc 8:32 1 232.9G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 1 223.1G 0 part
└─sdc2 8:34 1 9.8G 0 part [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 1 14.6T 0 disk
└─sdd1 8:49 1 14.6T 0 part
sde 8:64 1 29.1G 0 disk
├─sde1 8:65 1 2.8G 0 part
├─sde2 8:66 1 4.1M 0 part
└─sde3 8:67 1 26.4G 0 part
nvme0n1 259:0 0 931.5G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 500M 0 part
├─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 2G 0 part
└─nvme0n1p3 259:3 0 929G 0 part /
[root@mint /]# fdisk -l
[root@mint /]# mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /efi
[root@mint /]# grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=efi --bootloader-id=GRUB
Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
Installation finished. No error reported.
So for a step by step,
I booted into Mint and opened a terminal and cd to my OS drive.
I checked my grub folder:
mint@mint:/media/mint/a96b3354-70dd-45ed-8c6c-95171e9f1e82/boot/grub$ ls
fonts grub.cfg grub.cfg.broke grubenv locale themes x86_64-efi
made an edit with vi (irrelevant here)
went back to / on my OS drive
mounted the various partitions needed, that's all the mount -o bind commands, dev, proc, dev/pts, sys
then chroot to my OS drive so that I'm working inside my Arch install not the Mint install
then I mount the efi and grub install
[root@mint /]# mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /efi
[root@mint /]# grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=efi --bootloader-id=GRUB