Because web development sucks, web developers are always trying to reinvent web development such that it doesn't suck, and they keep failing.

They keep failing because it's impossible, and it's impossible because the requirements are directly contradictory.

• Web application code must be simple and understandable (which requires the application to use a minimum of libraries and frameworks), but web applications must look and feel modern and fancy (which requires big, complicated frameworks).
• Web development must be easy (which requires the project to be written in JavaScript or something similarly simple), but web applications must have sophisticated functionality and not crash (which requires the project to be written in TypeScript, Rust, or something similarly non-simple).
• Web development must be easy (which requires the entire project to be written in a single language), but web applications must work to at least a basic degree with scripting disabled (which requires the project to contain non-trivial amounts of HTML and CSS in addition to JavaScript/TypeScript/Rust/etc).
• Web applications must be fast and not crash (which requires a compilation step with type checking), but it must be possible to iterate very quickly (which requires there to not be a compilation step).
• And so on.

And they keep failing because, quite frankly, they don't know how to succeed. Most web developers are not grizzled 50-year-olds with decades of experience and a solid understanding of things like type systems and build automation, and most grizzled 50-year-olds with decades of experience and a solid understanding of things like type systems and build automation want nothing to do with web development. Microsoft somehow managed to scrape together enough exceptional individuals to create TypeScript, but they seem to have exhausted the supply of such individuals.

Most web developers don't even seem to fully appreciate what TypeScript does and why it's important, let alone have the skill to write similarly sophisticated tools themselves. Consider, for example, Vite not running TypeScript type checking with every build. Vite's developers cite compilation speed as their motivation for cutting this corner. These people clearly do not understand the importance of correctness checking.

Another example: as far as I can tell, no web application build tools track dependencies between source files for incremental compilation, nor am I aware of any standard format for compilers (TypeScript, Sass, Babel, etc) to communicate that information to the build tools invoking them (Webpack, Vite, Grunt, etc).

Every once in a while there's a ray of hope, like TypeScript, but that's all it is: hope. The web developer experience has never been anywhere close to the caliber of developer experience you'll get with a language like Rust, and sadly I don't foresee that changing any time soon.

And no, htmx is not the answer to our prayers. It seeks to fix HTML, and HTML is not what's fundamentally broken.

Job security, baybeee 😎 /s

At my last company, there was a massive half-year project for the whole department to move all the microservices and all that stuff (multiple hundred projects) into a monorepo.

Then my team was transferred to another department. Here we had a massive, half-year project for the whole department, to pick apart a similarly-sized monorepo into separate microservice repos.