Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez has delivered a strong rebuttal to US President Donald Trump's threat to end trade with Spain by restating his opposition to war and what he called the "breakdown of international law".

In a 10-minute televised address, Sánchez reflected on the wars in Ukraine and Gaza as well as the Iraq War more than 20 years ago and said the Spanish government's position could be summed up as "no to war".

Trump threatened to impose a full trade embargo on Spain in response to Madrid's refusal to allow the US to use the jointly-run bases at Morón and Rotafor for strikes on Iran.

"Spain has been terrible," Trump said during a meeting with German Chancellor Friedrich Merz on Tuesday.

"We're going to cut off all trade with Spain. We don't want anything to do with Spain," he added.

Merz said later he had told Trump very clearly that he could not conclude a separate trade agreement with Germany or all of Europe but not with Spain.

In response to the US economic threat, the Élysée Palace said French President Emmanuel Macron had conveyed his "solidarity" with Spain, during a phone conversation with Sánchez on Wednesday. European Council President António Costa also said he had spoken to the Spanish leader "to express the EU's full solidarity".

Trump accused Spain on Tuesday of being a "terrible partner" in Nato for failing to increase its defence budget in line with a target of 5% of economic output (GDP).

Earlier this year Sánchez drew Trump's anger by speaking out against the US military incursion into Venezuela.

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In his televised address from the prime minister's Madrid residence at La Moncloa on Wednesday, Sánchez said the government was studying economic measures to counter the impact of the conflict on Spaniards, although he avoided directly referring to Trump's trade threat.

"The question is not if we are on the side of the ayatollahs - nobody is. The question is whether we are in favour of peace and international legality."

"You cannot answer one illegality with another, because that is how the great catastrophes of humanity begin."

Spain's Socialist prime minister explained that the government's position was comparable to its stance on Ukraine and Gaza. Sánchez has been a vociferous critic of Israel's military response to the Hamas attacks in 2023.

Spain has been among Europe's most outspoken governments on Gaza, describing Israel's actions there as "genocide" and acknowledging a Palestinian state before many other EU members did.

That position was in step with his coalition partners to his left and, broadly speaking, with Spanish attitudes to the Middle East.

Looking back to the invasion of Iraq in 2003, which he said had failed to achieve its goals and had made life worse for ordinary people, he warned that the attacks on Iran could have a similar economic impact for millions.

His reference to the Iraq invasion will connect with many Spanish voters. Spain's support at the time from the conservative People's Party (PP) government was deeply unpopular, and triggered mass anti-war protests.

Many believe it also lay the groundwork for the Socialist Party's surprise election victory in March 2004, days after Madrid was hit by deadly jihadist bombings.

Sánchez reminded Spaniards of the "Azores trio" of then-US President George W. Bush, the UK's Tony Blair and Spanish conservative leader José María Aznar - who had met on a Spanish base in the region days before the Iraq invasion.

He said they had handed Europeans the "gift" of "a more insecure world and worse life".

The Spanish leader's stance contrasts strongly with that of Merz, who told German TV on Tuesday regime change in Iran would leave the world "a little better off", although he also said this was "not without risk and we would also have to bear the consequences".

Unlike Spain's fellow Nato allies - the UK, France and Greece - it has not yet committed to any military involvement in response to the war.

The Spanish prime minister said he wanted to express the solidarity of the Spanish people with countries that had been "illegally attacked by the Iranian regime".

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Aside from the fierce criticism Sánchez is facing from the US, his coalition government has faced months of enormous political pressure, generating constant speculation that its collapse could be imminent.

It has been struggling to maintain its parliamentary majority, which includes an array of left-wing and regional nationalist parties.

Allegations of corruption against several of his allies and his inner circle have severely weakened his position.

In Spain's deeply polarised politics, much of the support for Sánchez is driven as much by concerns about the country's right and far right as it is by endorsement of his leadership and policies.

Standing up to the US president may have electoral benefits for the Socialist leader.

A recent poll by the CIS research institute found that 77% of Spaniards had a "bad" or "very bad" opinion of Trump, suggesting that even many right-wing voters might back Sánchez on this issue.

However, there is now uncertainty in Spain over whether Trump's threats will translate into some form of economic reprisals, and many Spaniards will be watching this drama nervously.