In addition to the sampling issues others have mentioned, there may be some environmental issues contributing to the stats—some areas likely have higher levels of radon in the soil, and thus higher levels of radon gas exposure, for instance.

Its in the pdf. Likely its bad data.

Differences in cancer rates between provinces and territories could be the result of different risk factors (such as tobacco smoking and obesity), as well as differences in diagnostic practices, data collection and data availability. For example, projections for Quebec are based on data up to 2017, while data up to 2019 were available for other provinces and territories, which could have influenced Quebec’s ranking.

I’d like to see it broken down into some other categories, as a whole province contains such a variety of people. One would be socioeconomic status - it would be interesting to see the impact that ability to afford quality food has. Habits, activity levels, stress levels would all be fascinating to learn more about.

Probably unrelated to geography, but rather sub-national culture(s), provincial/territorial public health initiatives, and provincial discrepancies in health care delivery.

Also odd that OP said QC is projected to have the highest rate, when NS, NL and NU are higher. Or why BC was stated lowest when there is a BIG drop in rates for YT