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Moving install to different partition
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I've done this before, it's definitely a bit of a hack but it went without a hitch for me. Depending on your bootloader you'll probably have to edit/regenerate your bootloader config as well.
Good call on rsync, just make sure to use the right flags. I'm on Arch so I used the command from the Arch page on full system backup using rsync, but it should work for any distro.
When rsync copying the active root I like to bind mount / to /mnt/root_fs first. This avoids the issue with needing to exclude folders with sub-mounts and will expose files to copy that might be hidden by the mounts.