Explanation:

Xia: Traditionally the earliest dynasty attested in the histories but not really supported by archeological findings, so likely to be legendary

Shang: First Dynasty supported by archeological findings, many of which is in the form of Oracle bones, proto-chinese characters carved onto animal bones

Zhou: the second part of the zhou is characterized by a collapse in central authority but also the development of much of Chinese Philosophy, Confucianism, Legalism and Taoism all had their beginnings there

Warring States: States warred, and eliminated each other

Qin; First Imperial dynasty over a unified China that was able to do so with the adoption of Legalism which entailed harsh laws and punishment

Han: First "real" dynasty, the Qin lasted like only 30 years, Standardized Chinese Characters and Expanded China

Three Kingdoms: fun novel

Jin: the Jin were associated with a collapse in central authority (get used to this), in this period non-Chinese "Barbarians" were able to migrate and invade into China Proper

16 Kingdoms: Shit gets further fucked

Tang: Idk about this actually, alcohol was around for way longer than the Tang, Maybe its because the Tang are the stereotypical "Fun" Dynasty with more liberal cultural values in comparison to what came before and after

Song: Paper currency invented

Yuan: I for one welcome out new mongol overlords

Ming: Sea Ban, isolationism

Qing: Last dynasty, fucked up and got all eaten up by the euros and japanese

Taiping: "Jesus Christ is my bro, bro"