At the radio level much is very similar comparing 4G and 5G. So the radiation exposure, etc is mostly the same. Lots of studies show that below 6GHz has no known health impacts.

Above 6Ghz the scientific status is: probably no problem, but there still is a lack of longer studies, so it is easier to attack and researchers are hesitant to call it safe.

5G differs from 4G in many little details that extend the flexibility of the system. A main paradigm change is the extension to machine communication. 5G no longer only focuses on human communication, but also provides services for industrial communication or large sensor networks.

When you say clouds are these like little mini servers? Just super localised so they don’t have to go as far and can respond quicker?

Exactly

Was 4g on the same plane as usual talk/text? Does it have to go all the way to a bigger cloud through the tower instead of just to the tower?

Yep

There are also differences in the frequency, I know much less about this, but different frequency ranges have different properties as far as ability to penetrate walls, etc. The 5G signal doesn't travel as far or as effectively through walls so there must be more cell towers to cover a given area. This may be where the conspiracy people are getting it from, only I think they have it backwards, pretty sure 4G would penetrate your skull better than 5G (actually not sure what they believe).