The program that asks for password graphically is polkit. As far as I've searched online it only supports bypassing password prompts if you're admin on the system. It does not have a password less prompt like in Windows. I'm using this and this as source in case you want to disable it all together. I'm not a mint user my self so I cannot validate this without spinning up virtual machine. I would recommend the community just look at whatever I wrote for 24h and mention some issues that might occur. I'll update it if someone points out any issues.

Open any terminal (sorry) and copy one line at a time into the terminal and hit enter. After the first line you'll be asked to enter the password. For the consecutive commands password will not be asked. On the last command you'll open a graphical text editor and make sure certain text is present.

sudo su
mkdir -p /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/
cd /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/
touch 49-nopasswd_global.rules
xdg-open 49-nopasswd_global.rules

You should now see a text editor appear with a file opened. Copy this and paste it in the file at the bottom. Then save, close and reboot.

/*
 *  https://lemmy.world/comment/1396602
 *  Allow members of the wheel group to execute any actions
 * without password authentication, similar to "sudo NOPASSWD:"
 */
polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {
    if (subject.isInGroup("wheel")) {
        return polkit.Result.YES;
    }
});

This is a security risk as you might understand, but it's your computer and you can do whatever you want. If you have any issues just post them here and maybe we'll figure something out.

vi is definitely different being a modal editor. If you are new to Linux, I would suggest nano. It is much easier to understand, even if it isnt as fast as vi can be. Many distros have it installed, and pretty much all of them should have it in their repos.