I vehemently dislike coding directly on my workstation and do all of my development in remote VMs via SSH, when possible. My work MBP is a glorified SSH terminal with a web browser. I got my start in the industry with remote SysAdmin stuff so, it feels pretty natural.

For an IDE, I use Neovim, currently with a plugin distribution - Neovim because I got used to the vim syntax as a SysAdmin and the distribution because I can't justify sinking more time into tuning my env for a bit but am intending to scrap it all around the holidays or so.

Most of my work is in Go or Python. At home, it's a mix of CircuitPython, C, and I'm picking up some Rust (mainly embedded for C and Rust). Will be starting to learn Verilog this weekend.

For Go and Python, I tend to lean towards a TDD approach, even if it gets a bit derided by coding streamers.

My workflow tends to be:

1. Prototype desired functionality to get at least individual parts working.
2. Start from scratch and rough out any classes/structs and test suite boilerplate.
3. Start the red->green->refactor loop, giving extra granularity to parts of code that I am less confident in.
4. Once all intended functionality is implemented, run manual tests (I generally develop tools).
5. Fix bugs that unit tests failed to prevent or I failed to anticipate.
6. Repeat 4 and 5 until acceptable.
7. Prepare commit.
8. Push commit and receive failure because I haven't fully configured my formatters to clean trailing whitespace and VT100-compatible line lengths.
9. Push commit again and send for code review.

Currently, my build automation is kinda in CMake. Really, the Makefile is just calling a build in a docker container.

For C, Rust, and Verilog, I'm not yet familiar enough to have yet established workflows.

ETA: I think I just got the same FPGA as you! Xilinx Zync-7020 (Digilent Arty Z7-20).