Yep exactly this. I'm pretty tech oriented and even I was confused about the concept of instances at first.

Your point about Joinmastodon is too true. It's a terrible starting point for someone who just wants to test the waters: "I have to learn about an entirely new type of digital networking AND commit to an instance? I bet Bluesky doesn't have all these layers of obfuscation."

It would be easier if the community would just agree that there is a default instance with open enrollment—preferably the biggest and mosy popular, or at least one that's maintained by a group with staying power—and just send all the newbies there. If they want to dig deeper, nothing's stopping them, but that way their first impression isn't analysis paralysis.

To your other points:

1. for discovery, there are the usual methods: trending, hashtags, the search, and people sharing their usernames elsewhere.

2. I assume that people who are making the hard decision to leave the site where they know all the people they want to follow already are, are also prepared to accept some amount of loss to that pool. It happens all the same whether it's Threads or Mastodon

you have to find people and discovery has always been one of the worst aspects of the fediverse.

How is this different than Twitter?

It's true. And people try to jump on to similar things. "It's just like how email works!", or "It's just like how international phone calls work!"

Yeah, nobody has any clue how those two things work, either.

I mean, that's fair, but it's not relevant to usage. I go to mastodon.social, I sign up, I use. At no point is the concept of federation necessary in that process, that's for the owners/operators/maintainers to figure out.

If people want to know more, they will seek out that arcane knowledge, but it's not something someone who's just there to satisfy their FOMO ever needs to know.

Additionally, there's the usability hurdle of interacting with non-home instances from outside mastodon. If I pull up someone's blog and click the little mastodon social media icon, it may very well link to mastodon.world. If my home instance is mastodon.social, now I have to launch into my own server, search up the account, and then begin interacting.

It's trivial to do but it is an extra step, but for your less-tech-literate friends and family it can be a point of confusion. Mastodon handles federation great in-ecosystem, but the broader web is still going to treat each instance as a different site.

As someone who’s not familiar with federated services, I don’t know what to base my instance decision on.

As I said elsewhere, many people just want a place they can go to share memes, news, opinions and misinformation. But on the other hand, there are plenty affiliated with interests/hobbies/identities/ideologies where you can to share topical memes, topical news, topical opinions, and misinformation (as long as it's on topic).

Snark aside, I'm on two instances: one for socializing, and another for my interest in cybersecurity. So I'd start with: do you want an experience that's more typical of social media with a more general pool of people, or do you want to focus on a specific interest but with the understanding that entails a smaller userbase and a slower feed?

If the latter sounds best to you, what communities do you find yourself most active in on other platforms (e.g. reddit, lemmy, facebook, twitter)? If not, we can find a relatively well-populated instance that's likely to have staying power.

You don't get logged in to other accounts. Just follow people at their address, like you'd send an email. The server does the rest.

If your question is about finding people to follow, that's another matter. Folks on other instances won't show up in your searches unless someone on your instance already follows them. For popular people, that's usually no problem. For others, you might get their address from their web page. In any case, once you have their address, you just... follow them. No matter where they are, follow them from your instance and it just works. You don't have to "log in" anywhere else; that's the "federated" part of the fediverse.

What's most fantastic about it is that you can often follow accounts on entirely different platforms. How well this works depends on how well the platform supports the AP protocol, and fundamental models of data. But you can easily follow PixelFed accounts from a Mastodon account, and it works pretty well. It's as if you could follow Instagram accounts from your Twitter account; that's the killer feature of the Fediverse, IMO. Discovery is still clunky, and how these things interoperate in "World" can be kludgy. But the possibilities are really very revolutionary.

It's like if Twitter, Threads, and Bluesky all were the same behind the scenes and gave you access to read the posts and follower the on the other sites. "Mastodon" is just the collective term for all those sites that are linked together.

Also you can have a lot more control over what you see and who you interact with, but you don't have to if you just want to login and look at memes. You can also run your own site ti have even more control, but, once again, you don't have to.

If you mean you just don't get the appeal of the "microblogging" format, or the culture that arose online surrounding it, I can't explain that. It's not everybody's cup of tea.