The CD and 32X were effectively just life support to keep the Genesis alive while Nintendo put out a whole new generation of console. Sega could've leapfrogged Nintendo's SNES if their follow-up to the 16-bit cartridge based Genesis and competitor to the 16-bit cartridge based SNES had been the 32-bit disc based Saturn, but in 1993 instead of 1994-95. "Nintendo just caught up to what we're leaving behind." Video game history would be incredibly different. Nintendo would've maybe lost a significant amount of market share to Sega. Sony might've stayed out of it or at least would've had real disc competition. Sega might've stayed in the hardware game, which maybe would've kept Microsoft from entering since there's no vacuum to fill. This might've affected PC gaming too since devs could basically double dip their work to put out very similar games on both PC and Xbox.

Sega CD was successful in that it kept Sega players from jumping over to buying a SNES. Idk how that worked though because an entire SNES was cheaper than the Sega CD add-on. They could only sell games to people who had already bought a Genesis AND shelled out a SNES and a half worth to keep it relevant. If you didn't own a Genesis or a SNES and you're at Circuit City or whatever looking at them, it's kinda hard to not choose the SNES. Genesis was $150 while the SNES was $200, sure, but the SNES was new and polished while the Genesis was already 2 years old AND they felt the need to release a $300 add-on to keep up with the SNES. So if you're trying to get your money's worth, you could either spend $300 on a SNES and a couple of games, or you could spend about the same for an older console and maybe one or two extra games, or you could dump $450 (equivalent to $1,019 in 2024) and still not have any games. So how in the fuck did the Sega CD succeed? Sega was just really good at marketing, I guess.