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this post was submitted on 18 Jun 2024
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The one China policy is first and foremost about the principle that there is only one China. Hence the name: That the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China are still locked in a civil war, that neither declared independence from the other. There is no "reuniting" because you cannot unite what is not split, they're still one.
Which is a rather different situation from divided Germany: The East declared independence as a new state, and the West accepted it. The West still considered Eastern citizens who made their way across the border her own citizens, but there was no "you can't have your own sovereign state" stuff going on, from either side. Upon reunification the East re-introduced its federal states, which then jointly but individually joined the West, leaving the East without territory and people which thus vanished in a puff of how international law defines the concept of a state.
The Mainland could pull an East Germany and declare independence at any time, Taipei would accept it. Some old-guard Kuomintang would gripe but they'd get over it. Taipei declaring independence makes no sense... independence from whom? Imperial China? They won that struggle before the PRC even existed. It's the PRC which is rebel faction in the civil war, you don't declare independence from rebels if then you grant them independence and, well, the rebels don't want independence.
Eh, no.
Western Germany recognized the border between Poland - the Oder-Neisse line in 1970.
Additionally, while Western Germany recognized the GDR was its own state - starting 1972 - they didn't recognize its right to exist under international law. The German constitution stated up until the reunification:
This implied there was only one Germany, in area and population greater than just Western Germany.
Also, German public broadcast used the upper left map for weather reporting up until the 70s, when they switched to the one on the top right without any borders. After the reunification, the bottom one was used:
Additionally, reunified Germany put numerous GDR leaders and a few soldiers on trial for murdering those trying to flee the GDR. However, the courts had to argue with the GDR's constitution - which fortunately for the courts was quite the self-contradictory document.
There was no final settlement until 1990. Because you cannot give up claims on territory you don't actually control, the ROC is in a similar situation with Mongolia. In Germany's case there's the additional complication that until 1990, occupation statutes still applied.
No, it didn't. First off, the preamble isn't actually part of the constitution, secondly, it did not in any way or form claim rule or sovereignty over the Eastern states. "We'd like to re-absorb those territories" is a different thing than "those territories remain ours".
Until the early 60s, both sides claimed to be the successor state to the German Empire, the GDR dropped that claim with the construction of the wall. After literally a decade of discussion the West changed to the Neue Ostpolitik in the early 70s and recognised the GDR as a separate state in its territory but did not change its own self-conception as successor state of the Empire. With that it also stopped applying the Hallstein doctrine, stopped to consider other states recognising the GDR as sovereign to be a hostile act.
Then came the two-state period, then there was a revolution in the GDR and while we call it reunification, legally it was the absorption of federal states which happen to be on the territory of the now-former GDR into the constitutional framework of the FRG. Nothing special, happened before with Saarland. If you want to draw a parallel to China I guess you can make one: To the until 1960 situation, with the PRC saying "There's going to be trouble, ROC, if you move to any other position, it's the status quo or proper unification no alternative".
...is not controlled by the government, least of all the federal government which is responsible, or at least co-responsible, for all foreign policy (but religion and culture because there the federal states are completely sovereign). It does reflect the political attitude back then: That the status quo borders were "arbitrary" and until there's a better set, the old ones still somehow apply even if it doesn't match the situation on the ground. The switch in 1970 was the broadcasters throwing their hands up in the air.
And you know what I think the map until 1970 is missing the border to Denmark if I'm not mistaken.
You're right about the first part, I just remembered the Neue Ostpolitik marking a significant change.
As to the constitution: While the preamble isn't its own article, it's just as much a part of the constitution as every other part.
Here's what the Bundesverfassungsgericht (German Constitutional Court) ruled:
Untrustworthy, but not wrong source for the quotes
And while German public broadcast isn't controlled by the government, it is a good indicator for the political beliefs of the general population and the government.
The situation cannot be appropriately compared to the PRC and ROC, as there are significant differences. What can be compared is that the FRG never recognized the GDR as a state legitimated by international law. Just like the One-China-policy, the FRG had a One-Germany policy in its constitution.