It sounds counterintuitive at first, but if you think of real world examples, it makes a lot of sense. It's the entire principle that casinos and blind bag toys operate on: you do the requested action (like placing a bet or buying the blind bag), you get something you didn't want or expect, and you get a little mad that it didn't go the way you wanted, so you do the requested action again. When it does end up giving you what you wanted, all the times you did the requested action get reinforced, not just the ones where you got the optimal outcome, like a big, "HAH! I knew I was right, I just needed to keep going until my ship finally came in!"

I don't know what other psychology concepts have similar reliability, but another really interesting one is "diffusion of responsibility" or bystander effect in which the more people witness something terrible, the easier it is for everyone to stand around doing nothing because they assume someone else is taking charge. It's why pointing directly at someone and saying, "You, call 911!" helps.