Have a look at LibreELEC "just enough OS for Kodi" for the Pi - at least if you plan on using it primarily for running Kodi as a "casting receiver". (LibreELEC even supports Docker containers as Kodi add-ons too, if you need the Pi to run more than just Kodi.)

• Kodi will natively play some types of links shared to it through the "Kore" remote app's "Play on Kodi" in the share menu.
• Even more types of links are supported with the right add-ons such as YouTube links through Invidious add-on (or YouTube add-on with your own token), local broadcasters' VoD content, some paid streaming services and many more but it's a bit hit and miss...
• With DLNA enabled in Kodi, many more types of stream URLs can be extracted from websites and sent to Kodi with apps like "Web Video Caster". I think this one has the option of routing the stream through the phone (which is only necessary for some types of streams).

Depending on your media consumption habits and requirements, it might not be the perfect solution, but possibly prettttty good one for a Raspberry Pi.