I mean, it's well understood that there's a host of health benefits from regular exercise, and it's also pretty well established that habits built during youth tend to be the most 'sticky' that we continue for the rest of our lives.

Given these two facts, I suspect that there are in fact studies that show those who participate in regular exercise programs during their school years are more likely to maintain a higher level of fitness and gain the derived health benefits.

That said, it's likely a small but statistically significant increase, not a massive easily observable difference.