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This is a composite image
(hexbear.net)
You can't literally see lights from space or whatever. If somewhere had less coverage on google maps you wouldn't think it's uninhabited, but for some reason, people irl seem to be constantly referring to this image as though it's a literal picture. Mostly for 'civilized' reasons, but also light pollution and just other stuff. Maybe this just made the rounds on reddit or something?
looks like there's a lot of oil/gas wells in that region, they might have a lot of big lights set up for nighttime operations
It still seems way bigger than their energy production would require. That area is larger than all of Central Europe and just as brightly lit with a tiny fraction of the population.
to add to @Chronicon@hexbear.net's comment, that region is quite far north and the image is mercator projection. the size is significantly exaggerated relative to lower latitudes, and 6 months of the year it's "nighttime" so any industrial operations will need to be well lit.