Probably, but the activation of it would be stringent.

The issue with any Windows OS going forward, no matter what version, is that Microsoft detests local desktop computing now, and so much of it is being ejected to the cloud. That includes all the various methods of managing it for enterprise customers. They're slowly working towards the Apple model where the OS basically can't live in isolation. If it touches the internet, it will phone home and kill itself if told to.

Apparently, the navy is still using Windows XP on (some?) ships: https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2024/2/5/navy-looks-to-industry-to-digitize-ships

Then there's this old classic when a navy "smart" ship was adrift for 2 hours after a Windows NT crash: https://www.wired.com/1998/07/sunk-by-windows-nt/

For locked-down devices, they'll be running LTSC or LTSB editions (Long-Term Support Channel/Branch), or Windows Embedded, which are simplified and heavily customisable versions of Windows. For general-purpose devices, they'll be using Pro or Enterprise versions of Windows which, crucially, support Group Policy. Using GP it is very, very easy for a single admin to configure an arbitrarily large number of Windows machines to work exactly how they want them to work, including configuration options that aren't otherwise exposed to the end user in any way.

Edit: just to add: the lack of an equivalent of Group Policy is what is preventing Linux becoming widespread in businesses. If you think you know of a service for Linux that works like Group Policy, then you don't know Group Policy.

I got out just before 11 released and had only been on 10 for a year or so. Military moves very slowly at rolling out the latest windows. I'd be extremely surprised if anyone who isn't a very high rank running 11.