WD/SanDisk have completely gone to shit. I’d go with Seagate. I have a bunch of IronWolf Pro drives that have been fast and reliable.

HDDs last best when not moved, as they dont lose the data that much when you dont use them. But they turn around, 24/7. It is insane. They use lots of electricity, produce heat, noise, and wear out without you doing anything.

SSDs have little tear from just being connected to a machine, they just dont do much. To my knowledge they also last longer a lot of times. But they are not as good for permanent storage and should be connected to power every half year or so.

I would always go with normal SATA SSDs, cheap, cool, just work.

NVMEs are so damn hot, small, expensive, often I dont see the reason.

Be careful if you buy a Samsung 8x0 SSD. They have long standing bugs that may cause data loss. They are worked around in the kernel, however you have to ensure that the workaround for your particular model exists in the kernel version you use.

You could check out c/datahoarder. They should be able to tell you about brands, reliability, best practices ...

I'd say SSD or anything else non-spinning is a waste of money for most people's needs. There are fringe cases, of course, like people who are editing gigantic video files or whatever.

I have a bunch of WD HDD's that I shucked a while ago, they've been running non-stop for over 5 years last time I checked and I haven't had any problems. That being said, I think Toshiba is usually considered "better".

Either way, you shouldn't rely on the reliability of any drive, SSD, HDD, or otherwise. If you have a backup then your worries go out the window and you can live life in peace!

Do you have any extreme conditions that may affect your cluster?

If everything is standard, just go mid to low grade and raid it. If heat, radiation, reliability, or energy usage are funded concerns, then the answer changes.

Micro SD is probably the least reliable but all these media kind of suck. You need redundancy and frequent testing etc. A pain. I think it gets worthwhile when you have enough data to fill several spinny drives so you can set up a RAID. That means at least 20TB these days. My own stuff right now is on Hetzner Storage Box plus several mongrel servers.

ASUSTOR has NAS that can have up to 12 NVME SSDs (but speed is very limited by PCIE lanes).

NVME SSDs are still very expensive compares to HDD.

NAS that have many HDD bays are expensive but designed for easy setup and easy management.

Fractal Design Define 7 (XL) can have up to 18 HDDs by design, but then you will need to search for PCIE to SATA cards and PSU that have many SATA connectors (for example RM850x/RM1000x) and Molex to SATA cables.

FSP CMT370 is a much cheaper case with up to 3.5" HDD *9 or 2.5" SSD *10 but it's not on amazon, it probably doesn't sell to western world.

SAS drive enclosures (and SAS cards) are also an option, but the cages might be very loud because they are designed for servers that also are very loud.

It depends on what you need. I have a PC that has an nvme for the system and three 4 TB hdds for all kinds of shit. Games, music, movies.... Etc. I also have a Synology NAS that has two 4 TB HDDs. My daily driver pc has a 512 nvme for Linux system, 2TB SATA SSD for emulation and steam games, and a 1TB SATA SSD for microwinodows. It all depends on what you need to store and how you want to store them. My best advice is to ~~do~~ go the SATA SSD route. They're relatively cheap, last a very long time and very fast.

Inatek makes really good NVME cases.

The cheapest you’ll find that is still pretty good for HDDs is serverpartdeals. They have recertified Seagate Exos X22 20TB drives with 2 year warranties for $215. They also offer new drives with the full 5 years, ofc. Exos can be a little loud, as with other enterprise drives. You’ll still need a way to read from it in case you don’t have a spare drive bay, too.

Buy from TrueNAS. They sell hardware.