Encrypting the SD card is a vendor specific thing from what I've seen.
I see a couple alternatives:
Adopt the card as internal storage, this would encrypt it (I'm pretty sure).
Cryptomator, which handles file level encryption on-the-fly.
Lineage, if the phone supports it - I think that would give you the settings for SD encryption, but I don't recall for sure, and I don't have a phone with an SD and Lineage handy.