Oh geez, just saw this response, feel really bad I missed it- you put a ton of effort into it! (And I'm overwhelmed with work right now, so I can't reply in the depth it deserves, alas!)
In short, though: Your arguments largely make sense to me, and I'm reasonably persuaded by them! I too also think Kuhn has been treated worse than he deserves- yes, others have surpassed him since, but few of them are as approachable to laymen as he is, and that's worth something, imho. (I'm also kinder to Jared Diamond than many folks for similar reasons. Yeah, he fucked a lot of stuff up, but he got a lot of laymen- including me, before I started by studies in geology- interested in environmental history, so at the very least he deserves that nod.) And I'd agree that Feyerebend did better than Kuhn! (Maybe not on layman approachability, but he's not that much tougher than Kuhn- I certainly had no trouble, and I'm a dilettante in philosophy of science.)
Wish I had time for a longer (and very belated) reply, but thanks for the great response!
And is the "beam of pink energy from the future" a reference to Philip K Dick's Valis, by any chance?
John McPhee's so goddamn good, one of the best nonfiction writers out there. The absolute master of nonfiction narrative structure, imho.
And yeah, Deep Time is... a hell of a trip.