It is my understanding that trying to raise garlic from grocery store bought cloves are prone to die of disease.

Nah, you're probably fine. But you will likely be limited to the Least Delightful Variety of garlic, also known as California Late White, a softneck variety chosen for it's durability, shelf life, and ease of growing.

There are so many other really awesome varieties out there. And garlic is so easy to grow.