Technology giants Alphabet (GOOGL.O), opens new tab, Amazon (AMZN.O), opens new tab, Microsoft (MSFT.O), opens new tab, and IBM (IBM.N), opens new tab were named as "central to Israel's surveillance apparatus and the ongoing Gaza destruction."

First as tragedy, then as… also tragedy. IBM and the Holocaust

IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation is a book by investigative journalist and historian Edwin Black which documents the strategic technology services rendered by US-based multinational corporation International Business Machines (IBM) and its German and other European subsidiaries for the government of Adolf Hitler from the beginning of the Third Reich through to the last day of the regime, at the end of World War II when the US and Germany were at war with each other.

Published in 2001, with numerous subsequent expanded editions, Black outlined the key role of IBM's technology in the Holocaust genocide committed by the German Nazi regime, by facilitating the regime's generation and tabulation of punched cards for national census data, military logistics, ghetto statistics, train traffic management, and concentration camp capacity.