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this post was submitted on 04 Jul 2025
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Well, also Germany was one of the world leaders in science and technology in the early 1900s all the way up to WWII. Just look at the list of winners of the Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry and how many of them are German. You could even see this in the recent Oppenheimer movie, where they showed him travelling to the University of Göttingen because that was where you needed to be to study cutting edge theoretical physics. And this was the 1920s when Germany was already suffering having to repay massive war debts after WWI.
What happened? When Hitler rose to power the Nazis drove off all the Jewish scientists, and scared off a lot of the gentiles. It's almost exactly the same situation as in the US today. Even the chaotic Weimar Republic wasn't enough to cause Germany's lead on science to collapse. But, when Hitler came to power, the scientists left, and a lot of them came to the US. This was the start of the US dominating science for decades, something which may collapse now due to Trump.
One of the greatest ironies of WWI is that going into the war, British and French propellants and explosive charges for artillery made extensive use of synthetic chemicals purchased from Germany, while German artillery propellants relied on guano from South America. The British Navy immediately choked off German supplies of foreign guano (and obviously France and Britain could no longer purchase German chemicals) leading to the so-called "shell crisis" that afflicted all sides with severe artillery shortages after the first few months of the war exhausted their stockpiles.
"Fortunately," all the combatants quickly found substitutes and ramped up production, allowing them to slaughter each other in enormous numbers for years more. Another fun fact: during WWI, approximately 260 artillery shells were fired for each soldier killed (and only about 2/3 of all dead soldiers were killed by artillery).
Were the other 1/3 from flu/illness or are gas attacks not included in artillery deaths maybe?
Mostly machine gun and rifle bullets. Deaths from gas were quite rare, relatively speaking, although it caused a lot of non-fatal casualties. By "soldiers' deaths" I meant combat deaths, not illnesses, which in almost all wars in history killed more people than actual combat.