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CUDA is not equivalent to AI training. Nvida offers useful developer tools for using their hardware, but you don't have to use them. You can train on any GPU or even CPU. The projects you've looked at (?) just chose to use CUDA because it was the best fit for what hardware they had on hand, and were able to tolerate the vendor lock-in.
CPU yes. GPU no, in my experience.
I'm not saying you can deploy these in place of Nvidia cards where the tooling is built with Nvidia in mind. I'm saying that if you're writing code you can do machine learning projects without CUDA, including training.
For sure you can work around it. But it's not optimal and requires additional work most people don't feel like putting in.